Which model emphasizes the fit between a person and an occupation as its core goal?

Which model emphasizes the fit between a person and an occupation as its core goal?

• A. Trait-and-factor model
• B. Developmental theory
• C. Social cognitive career theory
• D. Person-centered approach

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is matching a person to an occupation by aligning their attributes with what a job requires. The trait-and-factor model approaches career choice as a problem of fit: it first assesses a person’s abilities, interests, values, and other relevant traits, then compares those traits to the demands and characteristics of various occupations. The aim is to find the occupation that best fits the individual’s profile, using tools like aptitude tests, interest inventories, and job analysis to guide the match. Developmental theory, by contrast, looks at how career paths unfold over time as people grow and encounter different life roles and transitions. Social cognitive career theory emphasizes how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals—within a social context—shape choices. The person-centered approach focuses on the client’s self-concept and personal growth, guiding exploration rather than aiming for a specific job fit.

The idea being tested is matching a person to an occupation by aligning their attributes with what a job requires. The trait-and-factor model approaches career choice as a problem of fit: it first assesses a person’s abilities, interests, values, and other relevant traits, then compares those traits to the demands and characteristics of various occupations. The aim is to find the occupation that best fits the individual’s profile, using tools like aptitude tests, interest inventories, and job analysis to guide the match.

Developmental theory, by contrast, looks at how career paths unfold over time as people grow and encounter different life roles and transitions. Social cognitive career theory emphasizes how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals—within a social context—shape choices. The person-centered approach focuses on the client’s self-concept and personal growth, guiding exploration rather than aiming for a specific job fit.